国开(中央电大)本科《管理英语4》形考任务(单元自测1至8)试题及答案

国开(中央电大)本科《管理英语4》形考任务(单元自测1至8)试题及答案 (国开平台形考任务必备资料) 说明：资料整理于2020年4月19日，平台考试网址：http：//www.ouchn.cn。

适用专业及层次：工商管理，行政管理本科。

单元自测1 试题及答案 题目顺序是随机的，使用查找功能（Ctrl＋F）进行搜索 [题目] — This project is too big for me to finish on time. —________________. [答案]I＇ll give you a hand [题目] AT&T found that employees with better planning and decision-making skills were ______ to be promoted into management jobs. [答案]more likely [题目]______ CEOs spend planning, the more profitable their companies are. [答案]The more time [题目]______ his anger the employees called him Mr. Thunder, but they loved him. [答案]Due to [题目]______ managers spend most of their time in face-to-face contact with others, but they spend much of it obtaining and sharing information. [答案]Not only do [题目]— Could you give us a speech on management functions some day this week？ —________________. [答案]I＇d love to, but I＇m busy this week [题目]— I think things have been a bit difficult for us the last couple of months. —__________. We＇ve been working hard, but still getting behind. [答案]You＇re right [题目]— Is it possible for you to work out the plan tonight？ —__________ [答案]I think so. [题目]— We could let some of the staff work from home.________________？ — That＇s a good idea. [答案]What do you think of it [题目]Even the best continually seek ways to ______ their skills. [答案]sharpen [题目]It is through enthusiasm and quiet intensity ______ we transform creativity and vision into the technologies. [答案]that [题目]Supervisors should ______ their employees in two-way communication so that understanding takes place. [答案]engage [题目]The demands and requirements placed on the CEO of Sony are different from ______ on the manager of your local Wendy＇s restaurant. [答案]those [题目]The Human Resource Managing Department at Honda is given specific instructions ______ employ the best possible workers. [答案]on how to [题目]The responsibilities in handbook ______ that managers have to be concerned with efficiency and effectiveness in the work process. [答案]indicate 二、听力理解：听录音，选择最佳答案（共50分）。

请听录音：
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1. What kind of role is Melinda taking on for her job？[C] A. HR manager. B. Project manager. [答案]C. Project coordinator. 2. How long will Melinda be trained for her new role？[B] A. One month. [答案]B. Half a month. C. One year. 3. How often should Melinda report to the board on the progress of the project？[A] [答案]A. Once a month. B. Twice a month. C. Once a week. 4. What kind of contract can Melinda sign with outside contractors？[B] A. Permanent worker contract. [答案]B. Standard temporary-worker contract. C. Standard industry contract. 5. Which one does NOT belong to Melinda＇s responsibilities？[A] [答案]A. Formulate the industry standard of payment. B. Manage and coordinate her project team. C. Report the project progress to the board. 二、阅读理解：根据文章内容，判断正误（共50分）。

WHO KILLED NOKIA？ Nokia executives attempted to explain its fall from the top of the smartphone pyramid with three factors：
1) that Nokia was technically inferior to Apple, 2) that the company was complacent and 3) that its leaders didn＇t see the disruptive iPhone coming. It has also been argued that it was none of the above. Nokia lost the smartphone battle because of divergent shared fears among the company＇s middle and top managers which led to company-wide inertia that left it powerless to respond to Apple＇s game. Based on the findings of an in-depth investigation and 76 interviews with top and middle managers, engineers and external experts, the researchers discovered a culture of fear due to temperamental leaders and that frightened middle managers were scared of telling the truth. The fear that froze the company came from two places. First, the company＇s top managers had a terrifying reputation. Some members of Nokia＇s board and top management were described as extremely temperamental and they regularly shouted at people at the top of their lungs. It was very difficult to tell them things they didn＇t want to hear. Secondly, top managers were afraid of the external environment and not meeting their quarterly targets, which also impacted how they treated middle managers. Top managers thus made middle managers afraid of disappointing them. Middle managers were told that they were not ambitious enough to meet top managers＇ goals. Fearing the reactions of top managers, middle managers remained silent or provided optimistic, filtered information. Thus, middle managers directly lied to top management. Worse, a culture of status inside Nokia made everyone want to hold onto vested power for fear of resources being allocated elsewhere if they delivered bad news or showed that they were not bold or ambitious enough to undertake challenging assignments. Beyond verbal pressure, top managers also applied pressure for faster performance in personnel selection. This led middle managers to over promise and under deliver. One middle manager told us that you can get resources by promising something earlier, or promising a lot. It＇s sales work. While modest fear might be healthy for motivation, abusing it can be like overusing a drug, which risks generating harmful side effects. To reduce this risk, leaders should coordinate with the varied emotions of the staff. Nokia＇s top managers should have encouraged safe dialogue, internal coordination and feedback to understand the true emotion in the organization. 操作提示：正确选T，错误选F。

1. Nokia lost the smartphone battle because its technology is not as good as that of Apple.[ [答案]F] 2. Nokia＇s middle managers were frank to tell the truth, but the top ones didn＇t listen to them. [[答案]F] 3. Nokia＇s top managers were too moody to hear anything good but harsh. [[答案]T] 4. Middle managers in Nokia delivered results more than they promised earlier. [[答案]F] 5. Nokia＇s top managers should have had better conversation techniques to encourage internal coordination and truth. [[答案]T] 单元自测2 试题及答案 题目顺序是随机的，使用查找功能（Ctrl＋F）进行搜索 [题目]— If you can＇t say what you＇ve come to say at the meeting, what＇s the point？ —____________________,but I think you might need to change your approach somewhat. [答案]I can see that [题目]— Will you go on a picnic with us tomorrow？ —____________________. [答案]I＇m afraid I have no idea [题目]—____________________identify the problems that have been occurring？ —Well, as you know, the problems we had with Gary caused a lot of friction among the team. [答案]Are you able to [题目]—How can you explain the latest situation？ —____________________,I know it is all my fault. [答案]Sorry [题目]—How did your meeting go yesterday？ — ____________________actually, it was really frustrating. [答案]Not so good [题目]Effective leaders distill complex thoughts and strategies into simple, memorable terms __________ colleagues and customers can grasp and act upon. [答案]that [题目]Every time I tried to say something, he would ______ to something else. [答案]move on [题目]He＇s left now, but productivity hasn＇t ______that much. [答案]picked up [题目]I think the primary ______factor is there＇s been so much absence lately. [答案]contributing [题目]If demand is rising but the firm __________ from communication failure, then stocks will fall and there will be understaffing. [答案]is suffering [题目]In today＇s environment, __________ people are often burned out, it＇s important for employees to have a personal connection with you and the work you believe in. [答案]where [题目]What you need to do is to keep things short and sweet, just the ______. [答案]highlights [题目]When the message finally reached the Command Center, it __________ mutated to become —Send three and four-pence, we＇re going to a dance. [答案]had [题目]Who was ______ the meeting？ [答案]chairing 二、完型填空（共50分） 操作提示：通过下拉选项框选择正确的词汇。

WHAT WE HAVE HERE：
A FAILURE TO COMMUNICATE It is the [[答案]weirdest] thing. There are more ways than ever to communicate with people, yet it sometimes seems like it is more difficult to connect — and stay [[答案]connected] — with anyone. Should you [[答案]shoot] off an email？ Tap out a text？ Post a private message on Facebook？ Write on their Facebook wall？ Skype, poke, ping or conjure them up on a digital tin can phone？ And once you reach someone, you wonder：
Is he paying attention？ How do you know？ Even with the techno-ease of [[答案]countless] communication devices, conversations can still be troublesome. Questions are asked and answered [[答案]out] of order. Instructions and directions go half-read. Meetings are botched. Feelings are hurt. 二、阅读理解：根据文章内容，判断正误（共50分）。

HABITS OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATORS It＇s no secret that good leaders are also good communicators. Indeed, communication and leadership are inextricably tied. How can you galvanize, inspire or guide others if you don＇t communicate in a clear, credible and authentic way？ Here are 5 essential communication practices of effective leaders：
1. Mind the say-do gap. Trust is the bedrock of effective leadership – your behavior is your single greatest mode of communication, and it must be congruent with what you say. If your actions don＇t align with your words, you are storing up trouble for the future. 2. Make the complex simple. Effective leaders distill complex thoughts and strategies into simple, memorable terms that colleagues and customers can grasp and act upon. The most important thing is to clarify what you want to say, look out for technical jargon and avoid business speak, which add complexity. Say what you mean in as few words as possible. 3. Find your own voice. Use language that＇s distinctly your own；
let your values come through in your communication. Correct use of language and grammar are important, of course, but don＇t become overly fixated on eloquence for eloquence＇s sake；
concentrate on being distinct and real. People want real, people respect real, people follow real. 4. Be visible Visibility is about letting your key stakeholders get a feel for who you are and what you care about. Don＇t hide behind a computer and only interact with people electronically – see them face to face and voice to voice, and interact with them in a real, substantial way. In today＇s environment, where people are often burned out, it＇s important for employees to have a personal connection with you and the work you believe in. Show the people that work for you that you＇re engaged and that you care about them and their work. 5. Listen with your eyes as well as your ears. Effective communication is a two-way process, and good leaders know how to ask good questions, and then listen with both their eyes and their ears. Because you are in a position of authority, others may be reluctant to express their real opinions to you directly. You won＇t always get direct feedback, so you need to also be able to read between the lines and look for the non-verbal cues. 操作提示：正确选T，错误选F。

1. Communication and leadership don＇t always go hand in hand. [[答案]F] 2. The say-do gap happens when people misunderstand their leader＇s intention. [[答案]F] 3. Using technical jargon makes a leader convincing. [[答案]F] 4. Communicating sincerely is always the best. [[答案]T] 5. Observation is as important as communication when you want to know what people really think. [[答案]T] 二、阅读理解：根据文章内容，完成选择题（共50分）。

COMMUNICATION FAILURE The meaning of communication goes a lot deeper than people often think. Communication is about conceiving, sending, receiving, and interpreting messages as well as confirming reception of these messages. A failure at any point in this chain can result in ineffective communication. Ineffective communication can be disastrous. There is a famous story of a British Army Commander who sent the message Send reinforcements, we＇re going to advance. back to his Command Center, through a long chain of subordinates. When the message finally reached the Command Center, it had mutated to become -- Send three and four-pence, we＇re going to a dance. The reinforcements never arrived. You can demonstrate this same principle, albeit on a less dramatic scale, by trying to play Chinese Whispers with more than 20 people. It is highly unlikely the same message you started with will be the one you end with. In a business, there are three main types of communication failure. Each has its own indicative signs. ？The first type is known as allocative failure. This occurs when a firm is not gathering enough intelligence about its market or (most often), the information is not reaching the right points. The firm will not be allocating resources in step with the shifts in demand. If demand is rising but the firm is suffering from allocative communication failure, then stocks will fall and there will be understaffing. If the inverse happens, there will be a surplus of stocks and overstaffing. ？The second type is executive failure, where communication to trigger specific events/actions is either late, lacking or in error. The symptoms of this are a general loss of direction in the company or departments, a loss of co-ordination and an increase in complaints from customers as things happen late or not at all. ？The final type is human failure. This occurs when the general culture of a business or the relationships between particular individuals or departments do not foster effective communication. This leads to alienated staff, an increase in staff turnover, an increase in absenteeism and general frustration among staff. Creativity, especially that which takes place across departmental boundaries, is likely to suffer hugely as team synergy slips. 操作提示：通过题目后的下拉选项框选择正确答案。

1. Confirming reception of the sent messages means[C]. A. the messages are sent to right receivers B. the messages are correctly understood [答案]C. the messages are correctly understood by right receivers 2. In the famous British Army Commander story, which step probably did NOT go wrong in the communication chain？[A] [答案]A. Conceiving. B. Sending. C. Receiving. 3. What is Chinese whispers？[B] A. Who whispers in Chinese. [答案]B. A game to pass message around in a whisper. C. Chinese people who don＇t normally talk very loudly. 4. Allocative failure does NOT happen when[A]. [答案]A. the right information goes to the right place B. a company gathers false information C. the correct information is not received by the right department or person 5. According to the passage, which of the following cases does NOT belong to human failure？[C] A. Decreasing creativity across departments. B. Inadequate communication between departments. [答案]C. Increasing customer complaints. 单元自测3 试题及答案 题目顺序是随机的，使用查找功能（Ctrl＋F）进行搜索 [题目] How do you get your members to ______ as a team？ [答案]pull together [题目] I like to think ______. I am always the one finding new ways to a situation or challenge. [答案]outside of the box [题目] In high school, I am equally comfortable______as a member of a team and independently. [答案]working [题目] The team creates an environment ______ people are comfortable in communicating, advocating positions, and taking action. [答案]in which [题目]— Could I borrow your iPad for a few hours？ —_____________ [答案]Sure, here you are. Enjoy your time. [题目]— I am sorry for what I have said to you. —_____________ [答案]Don＇t think any more about it. [题目]— What are your teammates like？ —_____________ [答案]They are all warmhearted and helpful. [题目]— Will you help me arrange a meeting with Mr. Brown, please？ —_____________ [答案]Sorry I can＇t. I have to finish my project right now. [题目]—_____________ — I＇d like to have this film developed. [答案]May I help you？ [题目]I believe that I have a lot to contribute ______ a team environment, and am comfortable in both leadership and player roles. [答案]to [题目]I have been very lucky to have had ______ managers during my career so far. [答案]terrific [题目]If I take the time to talk with my manager at the beginning of a project, we ______ off to a great start on the same page. [答案]can get [题目]Regular and concrete feedback is important ______ who is not performing up to her potential. [答案]when dealing with a worker [题目]Team members are ______ as unique people with irreplaceable experiences, points of view, and knowledge to contribute. [答案]viewed [题目]The majority of these team challenges ______ anywhere. [答案]can be delivered 二、阅读理解：根据文章内容，完成选择题（共50分）。

A TEAMWORK GAME A team of about 35 employees had come together for a team building event. They were a young, bright and enthusiastic team. However, one of their chief problems was the fact that they wouldn＇t share information or solutions with each other, and the team leader thought they were too focused on themselves and not on the team. As a result, she brought them all into the cafeteria. All of the tables and chairs had been stored away, and fun decorations and hundreds of different colored balloons had been placed around the room. In the center of the room was a big box of balloons that hadn＇t been blown up yet. The team leader instructed everybody to pick a balloon, blow it up, and write their name on it, but they had to be careful not to burst the balloon. Although they were given a second chance if their first balloon popped, they were out of the game the second time round. In the end, about 30 team members wrote their names without their balloons popping. They were then asked to leave the room and, after five minutes, the team leader brought them back in and asked them to find the balloon with their name on it amongst the hundreds of other balloons in the room. After 15 minutes of searching, no one had found their balloon, and the team were told that they were then going to move on to the third round of the activity. In this round, each team member was instructed to find any balloon with a name on it and then give that balloon to the person whose name was on it. Within two minutes, everybody had their own balloon. The team leader summarized the activity thus：
We are much more efficient when we are willing to share with each other and much better at problem solving when we are working together, not individually. Sometimes, members of teams create obstacles by focusing solely on their own pursuits and goals. Every member of the team should ask themselves on a regular basis what they are doing and what they can do for the team. 操作提示：通过题目后的下拉选项框选择正确答案。

1. This team building event was aimed at [B]. A. helping these young, bright and enthusiastic employees become more concentrated on their work [答案]B. making the team members know how to share information or solutions and cooperate with each other C. building up team morale 2. This event was held in [A]. [答案]A. a self-service restaurant B. a coffee shop C. a classroom 3. About how many team members were out of the second round of the activity？[C] A. 30. B. 35. [答案]C. 5. 4. Which statement below is correct？[C] A. In the second round, every one of the team had found their balloons after 15 minutes. B. In the third round, the team members were asked them to find the balloon with their name on it amongst the hundreds of other balloons in the room. [答案]C. In the third round, everybody had their own balloon with help from others within 2 minutes. 5. What was the event going to teach these employees？[A] [答案]A. Sharing and cooperating with other team members is more efficient when they are working together. B. Focusing solely on employees＇ own pursuits is not allowed in workplace. C. Failure of teamwork is caused by individual. 阅读理解：根据文章内容，判断正误（共50分）。

TIPS FOR TEAM BUILDING When you think of team building, do you immediately picture your group off at a resort playing games or hanging from ropes？ Traditionally, many organizations approach team building in this way but, then, they wonder why that wonderful sense of teamwork that had been displayed at the retreat or the seminar fails to impact long term beliefs and actions back at work. I＇m not averse to retreats, planning sessions, seminars and team building activities — in fact I lead them — but they have to form part of a much larger teamwork effort. You will not build teamwork by retreating as a group for a couple of days each year, instead you need to think of team building as something you do every single day. ？ Form teams to solve real work issues and to improve real work processes. Provide training in systematic methods so the team expends its energy on the project, not on trying to work out how to work together as a team to approach the problem. ？ Hold department meetings to review projects and progress, to obtain broad input, and to coordinate shared work processes. If there is friction between team members, examine the work processes they mutually own — the problem is not usually their personalities；
instead, it is often the fact that the team members haven＇t agreed on how they will deliver a product or service, or the steps required to get something done. ？ Build fun and shared occasions into the organization＇s agenda — hold pot luck lunches, take the team to a sporting event, sponsor dinners at a local restaurant, go hiking or go to an amusement park. Hold a monthly company meeting, sponsor sports teams and encourage cheering team fans. ？ Use ice breakers and teamwork exercises at meetings — these help team members get to know each other, share details about each others lives, and have a laugh together. ？ Celebrate team successes publicly. There are many ways you could do this, for instance by buying everyone the same T-shirt or hat, putting team member names in a draw for company merchandise and gift certificates. The only thing limiting you is your imagination. If you do the types of teamwork building listed above, you＇ll be amazed at the progress you will make in creating a teamwork culture, a culture that enables individuals to contribute more than they ever thought possible — together. 操作提示：正确选T，错误选F。

1. Team building event is traditionally related to playing games at resort. [[答案]T] 2. The author claims that playing games together is as important as form teams to solve real work issues and to improve real work processes for team building. [[答案]F] 3. Retreat in the first paragraph means withdrawal of troops after a defeat. [[答案]F] 4. Ice breaking motivates team members compete with each other. [[答案]F] 5. A good teamwork culture enables individuals make more efforts together. [[答案]T] 单元自测4 试题及答案 题目顺序是随机的，使用查找功能（Ctrl＋F）进行搜索 [题目] Self-esteem needs might include the ______ from a workplace. [答案]rewards [题目]______ clearly communicate with and actively listen to employees is essential to improve their performance. [答案]Being able to [题目]______ the job, employers don＇t want to hire people who are difficult to get along with. [答案]Regardless of [题目]— __________ — You might as well write a thanks-note. [答案]Could you suggest some ways of the rewards？ [题目]— Do you mind if I use vouchers to spend in a restaurant？ — __________ [答案]Not at all. Go ahead. [题目]— Wow! This is a fantastic project! I＇ve never known you＇re so creative. — __________ [答案]Thanks for your compliments. [题目]— You＇d better not push yourself too hard. You can ask the team and listen. — __________ [答案]You are right. [题目]—Can I get you a couple of tea？ —_________________________. [答案] That＇s very nice of you [题目]All the team members tried their best. We lost the game, _________. [答案]however [题目]An appreciated gift and the gesture of providing it will ______ your coworker＇s day. [答案]light up [题目]Companies are ______ interested in your soft skills ______ they are in your hard skills. [答案]as…as… [题目]Fifty-five per cent of the respondents said that praise and attention from their supervisor would make them feel ______ the company cared about them and their well-being. [答案]as if [题目]I think a big part of it is ______ we know how to have fun on the job. [答案]that [题目]Learning new things has always been a great ______ for me. [答案]motivator [题目]The leader ______ at creating opportunities to provide rewards, recognition and thanks to his or her staff. [答案]excels 二、听力理解：听录音，判断正误（共50分）。

请听录音：
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1. Human resources supported the proposal of giving the business intelligence a pay incentive every three months at the beginning. [[答案]F] 2. Brad from human resources supports Scott＇s idea. [[答案]T] 3. Carlotta is the manager of HRD. [[答案]F] 4. Men and women in the business intelligence team who have been selected to get the prize will receive the same rewarding things. [[答案]F] 5. The prize-winner cannot choose the prize that costs more than $500. 7. The prize-winner can only have material awards and no day off. [[答案]T] 二、阅读理解：根据文章内容，判断正误（共50分）。

THE RIGHT WAY TO MOTIVATE EMPLOYEES It＇s important for a CEO to be passionate and enthusiastic, but there＇s a line of professionalism that must always be maintained. According to a report from the technology website Venture Beat, PayPal CEO David Marcus wrote a critical letter to his employees blaming them for not using PayPal products and encouraging them to leave if they didn＇t have the passion to use the products they work for. According to the website, part of the leaked letter reads：
It＇s been brought to my attention that when testing paying with mobile at Cafe 17 last week, some of you refused to install the PayPal app, and others didn＇t even remember their PayPal passwords. That＇s unacceptable to me, and the rest of my team, everyone at PayPal should use our products where available. That＇s the only way we can make them better, and better. In closing, if you are one of the folks who refused to install the PayPal app or if you can＇t remember your PayPal password, do yourself a favor, go and find something that will connect with your heart and mind elsewhere. While not obvious at first, the letter reveals a problem of morale and culture at PayPal. As an executive, you certainly want your employees to use and promote your products. However, when faced with a situation where staff isn＇t embracing what they make, you need to investigate the root of the problem -- not threaten. When faced with internal problems, good executives start by asking why. They reach out to their executive team first and then to the entire staff to find the root of a problem and how to fix it. Sending out a one-sided note about the problem is not leading, it＇s retreating. Leadership starts by listening. Good executives need to get out among the staff and ask questions and listen without judgment or reaction. The fact that company employees are not embracing and using its products is a failure of leadership that Marcus needs to address by self-reflection. At the end of the day, if his employees have to be forced to use the app, how can he expect consumers to want to willingly pay to use it？ Marcus should have focused on three questions：
？ Why are you not using the app？ ？ What is it that we can do to ensure you use our app？ ？ What do you need from me？ 操作提示：正确选T，错误选F。

1. A CEO only needs to be passionate and enthusiastic. [[答案]F] 2. It is not professional that PayPal CEO blames his employees not to use PayPal or forget PayPal passwords. [[答案]T] 3. A one-sided note refers to the root of PayPal＇s problem. [[答案]F] 4. When faced with internal problems, good executives find the root of a problem in their executive team first. [[答案]T] 5. Good executives need to give feedback immediately when they are listening to the staff. [[答案]F] 二、阅读理解：根据文章内容，完成选择题（共50分）。

HOW GOOGLE CONTINUES TO KEEP EMPLOYEES HAPPY Working for Google is a dream of many, not just because of what this company has achieved in the last 15 years, but because of its enviable work culture. With about 37,000 employees in 40 countries, you might wonder how Google maintains a motivating work experience throughout its entire company. Working for Google comes with perks that most other organizations can＇t provide -- bowling alleys, free haircuts, gym memberships, and shuttles to and from work. The company＇s secret to success is putting the same amount of time and effort into keeping employees happy as it does into innovating products. Back when the company was just a start-up, co-founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin had the goal of making Google a place the most talented people wanted to work at. Their idea was simple：
creating a work culture that keeps employees happy will motivate them to do their best and will keep them loyal to the company. It＇s less about the aspiration to be No. 1 in the world, and more that we want our employees and future ones to love it here, because that＇s what＇s going to make us successful, said Karen May, the Vice President of people development at Google. Google also makes its employees want to work because managers provide tasks that are inspiring and challenging. Every employee at Google has the opportunity to spend 20% of his or her working time on a project they choose. This freedom takes employees out of their routine and away from the mundane tasks that often make workers feel uninspired about their jobs. Lastly, Google shows each employee just how important he or she is to the company. Each employee, regardless of her spot on the totem pole, has an influence on how Google performs. If you value people, and care about them as whole people, one thing you do is giving them a voice, and you really listen, May said. Google does just that by hosting employee forums every Friday, where they discuss the 20 most-asked questions. Employees have access to all company information, adding a sense of trust, and employees and leaders work together to solve problems. 操作提示：通过题目后的下拉选项框选择正确答案。

1. How would you describe Google？[B] A. Medium-sized international company [答案]B. Large global enterprises C. Large American company 2. Which one does NOT belong to the methods that Google motivate its employees？[A] [答案]A. Promoting the employee who has more influence on Google the higher job position. B. Shuttling the employees between home and office. C. Offering entertaining equipment in workplace. 3. Who founded Google？[A] [答案]A. Larry Page and Sergey Brin B. Karen May C. Sergey Brin 4. If you are a normal employee of Google, what could you do EXCEPT？[B] A. Know all information of Google and discuss questions with your leaders. [答案]B. Only work for the project you choose. C. Play bowling with your colleagues and get away from mundane errands. 5. What is Google＇s secret to success？[C] A. Innovating hi-tech products. B. Paying high salary to the employees and practicing strict management. [答案]C. Valuing the happiness of its employees as much as innovating good products. 单元自测5 试题及答案 题目顺序是随机的，使用查找功能（Ctrl＋F）进行搜索 [题目]— Do you know where I can repair my motorcar？ — ____________ [答案]Around the street corner. [题目]— Haven＇t seen you for ages. What are you busy doing now？ — ____________ [答案]I am working part time in a bookstore. [题目]— I think I have made a great mistake. — ____________ [答案]I don＇t think so. It＇s not your fault. [题目]— Over-the-top？ You mean… — ____________ [答案]Well, sometimes your co-workers feel that you are too loud. [题目]— Why didn＇t you come to my birthday party yesterday？ — ____________ [答案]Sorry, but my wife had a car accident. [题目]A child＇s character is greatly influenced by his home ________. [答案]environment [题目]At a rough ________, we will take another four weeks to finish this plan. [答案] estimate [题目]Good work ________ good pay. [答案]deserves [题目]Linda walked at the head, ________ by her colleagues. [答案]followed [题目]My leather shoes cost me ________ the last pairs I bought. [答案]three times as much as [题目]Please ask the solicitor what his ________ would be to take the case to court. [答案]fee [题目]The workmen want to ________ the number of working hours and to increase pay. [答案]decrease [题目]They have come to the conclusion ________ this winter will be even colder than before. [答案]that [题目]Wendy suggests that we ________ tomorrow. [答案]should go [题目]Without his assistance, I ________ the research last month. [答案]would not have completed 二、阅读理解：根据文章内容，判断正误（共50分）。

PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT AND PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL Performance management aims to acknowledge employee achievements, support their personal and professional development, and motivate and empower them to perform their work effectively. Performance management helps employees to develop their understanding, knowledge and skills so that they can contribute to the achievement of the enterprise＇s goals and gain personal and job satisfaction. It is a vital part of any quality human resource system. Every enterprise wants and should expect high performance from each employee.The elements of a competency-based performance management system will, if implemented well, enable high performance which will define enterprise and personal success. Using performance management processes, an enterprise can be better placed to meet competitive challenges. This is done by：
●identifying the critical positions ●determining the most important competencies for those positions ●providing the education, training and feedback required by employees ●holding each person accountable for their results The key to the performance management process is ‘performance appraisal＇. Performance appraisal is simply an evaluation of how well an employee performs his or her job compared to a set of predetermined standards. It is a systematic process of feedback on an employee＇s work performance, and agreement to future training plans, job goals and job aspirations. To be effective, a performance appraisal needs to have a set of agreed criteria that will be the basis of feedback as well as of setting future goals. Units of competency provide a very effective tool for setting benchmarks or criteria for work performance. The performance criteria within units of competency can be used as measures to assess against in a performance appraisal or review. 操作提示：正确选T，错误选F。

1. Performance management is a very important part of any quality human resource system. [[答案]T] 2. The aim of performance management is to punish the unqualified employees. [[答案]F] 3. An enterprise can be better placed to meet competitive challenges by providing the education, training and feedback required by employees, for example. [[答案]T] 4. Every enterprise can expect high performance from each employee. [[答案]F] 5. Performance management is also called performance appraisal. [[答案]F] 二、阅读理解：根据文章内容，完成选择题（共50分）。

HOW TO HANDLE A BAD PERFORMANCE REVIEW Getting a bad performance review can make you feel angry, unappreciated, defeated, and hopeless. But it＇s not the end of the world. Remember that the way you respond to this appraisal can make all the difference in the next one. Even if you believe that the review is inaccurate and that your boss is completely wrong, you will benefit by reacting in a mature, adult manner. Here are some suggestions：
Stay calm. Relax. Breathe. Do not overreact and be objective. Especially, do not say things that will likely be regretted later. Besides, the person giving the performance review may or may not be the one who has written the bad review. WHAT TO DO WHEN RECEIVING A BAD PERFORMANCE REVIEW It＇s best to listen attentively. And make comments or remarks only when asked for them. Besides, during the performance review, you will be given the chance to respond and may disagree. WHAT TO DO AFTER RECEIVING A BAD PERFORMANCE REVIEW Don＇t be intimidated by the bad performance review and want to quit the job；
instead, learn from it. Also, if the organization allows their employees to make a written statement on their own behalf, do make one. It is important for the worker to show why she does not agree with the bed performance review；
for instance, an employee may express their different understanding and, at the same time, a willingness to comply with any constructive suggestions. WAYS TO IMPROVE A BAD PERFORMANCE REVIEW A way to improve a bad performance review is to set self-reviews, that is, establish performance standards. Another way to improve a bad review is to learn more about what the manager, supervisor, or boss wants or expects from his/her employees. Learning what it was that caused a bad performance review helps to improve professional growth and encourages as well as motivates the worker to do better in order to receive a good review next time. 操作提示：通过题目后的下拉选项框选择正确答案。

1. What should you do when you are given a bad performance review？[C] A. Argue with your boss. B. Make immediate remarks. [答案]C. Stay calm and listen carefully. 2. What should you do after you are given a bad performance review？[C] A. Quit your job immediately. B. Insist on making comments. [答案]C. Learn from the review. 3. What should you do if you do not agree with the bad performance review？[B] A. Tell the boss directly that you do not agree with the review. [答案]B. Make a written statement on your own behalf if it is allowed. C. Do not express your different understanding in a written statement. 4. How do you improve a bad performance review？[A] [答案]A. Understand the established performance standards. B. Learn more about what the employee wants or expects. C. Learn what the person who gives the review may think. 5. Why should we understand the cause of a bad performance review？[B] A. Because it helps the employee to get promoted immediately. [答案]B. Because it encourages and motivates the worker to do better. C. Because it prevents the employee from professional growth. 单元自测6 试题及答案 题目顺序是随机的，使用查找功能（Ctrl＋F）进行搜索 [题目]_____the deepening of China＇s economic reforms, there is greater cooperation [答案]With [题目]— Can I have three days off next week, Mr. Smith？— _____. I can manage without you. [答案]Of course [题目]— Don＇t worry, Mum. The doctor said it was only a common cold. [答案]What a relief [题目]— If you don＇t believe in yourself, no one else will.— ___. Confidence is really important. [答案]I couldn＇t agree more [题目]— Which of these hats do you want？— _______ . Either will do. [答案]I don＇t mind [题目]—I＇m going to Beijing for a few days.— _______. I wish I could go with you. [答案]I really envy you [题目]All _____ glitters (闪闪发光) is not gold. [答案]that [题目]By the end of the year, the sales plan for the next year______. [答案]will have been made [题目]He ordered that nothing ________ until the police arrived. [答案]should be touched [题目]On hearing the news of ______ the major exam again, the girl burst into tears. [答案]her having failed [题目]Redundancy happens when employees need to _____ their workforce. And as a result, [答案]reduce [题目]She is very adaptive and soon adapted ______ to the campus life. [答案]to [题目]There is no _____ the fact that he is the best student in the class. [答案]denying [题目]They depend on each other to survive. In other words, they are ______ for survival. [答案]interdependent [题目]To build the reservoir（水库）， thousands of people have to be_______ .  [答案]relocated 二、完型填空（共50分） 操作提示：通过下拉选项框选择正确的词汇。

On May 27, 1995, our life was suddenly changed. It happened a few minutes past three, when my husband, Chris, fell from his horse as it jumped over a fence. Chris was paralyzed (瘫痪) from the chest down, [[答案]unable] to breathe normally. As he was thrown from his horse, we entered into a life of disability with lots of unexpected challenges. We went from the haves to the have-nots. Or so we thought. Yet what we discovered later were all the gifts that came out of sharing difficulties. We came to learn that something [[答案]wonderful] could happen in a disaster. All over the world people cared for Chris so much that letters and postcards poured in every day. By the end of the third week in a medical center in Virginia, about 35,000 pieces of [[答案]mail] had been received and sorted. As [[答案]a family], we opened letter after letter. They gave us comfort and became a source of strength for us. We use them to encourage ourselves. I would go to the pile of letters marked with funny if we need a laugh, or to the disabled box to find advice from people in wheelchairs or even in bed living happily and [[答案]successfully]. These letters, we realized, had to be shared. And so here we offer one of them to you. 二、阅读理解：根据文章内容，判断正误（共50分）。

JACK WELCH LEADING ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE AT GE When Jack Welch, the Chairman and CEO at General Electric (GE) retired in 2001, he could look back at a very successful career. He became CEO in 1981 at the age of 45. At that time, GE had a very complex organizational structure with considerably bureaucratic rules. One of his first changes was to initiate a strategy formulation process with the guideline that each of the businesses should be number 1 or 2 in their respective areas. If this was not the case, managers had the options of fixing the problem, selling their particular business, or closing it. In an effort to streamline the organization, Welch removed the sector level and eliminated thousands of salaried and hourly employee positions. The restructuring was followed by changing the organizational culture and the managerial styles of GE＇s managers. One such program was the Work-Out（群策群力）.Groups of managers were assembled to share their views openly in three-day sessions. At the beginning of the meetings, the superior presented the challenges for his or her organizational unit. Then the superior had to leave, requesting the groups to find solutions to the problems. Facilitators (会议主持人) helped these discussions. On the last day, the superior was presented with proposed solutions. He or she then had three choices：
to accept the proposal, not to accept it, or to collect more information. This process put great pressure on the superior to make decisions. Another program to improve effectiveness and efficiency was Best Practices. The aim was to learn from other companies how they obtained customer satisfaction, how they related to their suppliers, and in what ways they developed new products. This helped the GE people to focus on the processes in their operations that would improve the company＇s performance. Jack Welch was personally involved in developing managers at GE＇s training center in Crotonville. Leaders, Welch suggested, are not only those who achieve results but also those who share the values of the company. 操作提示：正确选T，错误选F。

1. Jack Welch retired at the age of 65. [[答案]T] 2. Jack Welch insisted that each of the businesses should be at least number 3 in their respective area. [[答案]F] 3. If the business could not meet Welch＇s change requirements, its manager had 3choices. [T] 4. The restructuring went before changing the organizational culture and the managerial styles of GE＇s managers. [[答案]T] 5. The Work Out lasted a week. [[答案]F] 二、阅读理解：根据文章内容，完成选择题（共50分）。

HOW TO ADAPT TO CHANGE IN THE WORKPLACE If there＇s one word that captures the essence of what is occurring in the world today, it＇s change. Downsizing, reorganizing, and cutting costs, are now the norm for survival. No industry is exempt. Even the most conservative institutions are undergoing significant change just to survive. Change management has always been an issue of debate amongst scholars：
how can employers create suitable conditions for a successful change process？ And what can employees do to get through it？ Tips for dealing with change in the workplace. ●Make yourself aware that change happens：
it happens in personal life, it happens in your professional life. You cannot live in the past, so denying that change could occur only makes things more complicated for you. ●Stay alert in the workplace：
know what is happening around you. When you come across clues that hint change is on the way, acknowledge them! ●Maintain open communication channels：
Don＇t lay back and expect things to pass you by smoothly. You need to get acquainted with the occurring changes. Seek more details from your management and peers to form an accurate understanding of the matter. Be transparent and honest about your fears：
dealing with the unknown is often resented and daunting. Make the picture as clear as you can. ●Assess yourself：
Change is a time when one＇s confidence about one＇s skills and capabilities gets shaky. Recognize your strengths and where you could bring them into play. At the same time, stay aware of your developmental areas and work on improving those. ●Don＇t be stiff：
It will make the change process much harder if you are rigid. Be flexible enough to look at the different angles of the change and see where you could apply your existing skills and knowledge, and what news skills you need to acquire. ●Stay optimistic：
Keep a positive attitude and don＇t let yourself drown in uncertainty. Involve yourself in the new process; locate yourself properly in the new scenario. Adjust! You can＇t get to the top of Everest by jumping up the mountain. You get to the mountaintop by taking incremental steps. Step by step, you get to the goal, says Robin Sharma, one of the world＇s most-sought-after leadership and personal success experts. 操作提示：通过题目后的下拉选项框选择正确答案。

1. Enterprises carry out downsizing, reorganizing and cutting costs in order to [C]. A. cut down on the number of workers B. reshuffle the organization [答案]C. survive 2. No industry is exempt means [A]. [答案]A. No industry is an exception B. No industry is an example C. Not every industry can be exempted 3. The following questions are often discussed among scholars EXCEPT [B]. A. How can bosses create favorable conditions for change [答案]B. How can productivity be increased C. What can workers do to get through change 4. How many suggestions does the author put forward？ [C] A. 4 B. 5 [答案]C. 6 5. From the passage, we know that Robin Sharma is [A]. [答案]A. an expert on leadership, and personal success B. a great leader C. someone who likes to play the game of Hide and Seek 单元自测7 试题及答案 题目顺序是随机的，使用查找功能（Ctrl＋F）进行搜索 [题目] ______ on the hilltop, you could enjoy the scenery of the city bathed in the sun. [答案]Standing [题目] ______ the importance of English, we should put more effort into it and try to learn it well. [答案]Given [题目] After days of investigation, the police were ____ reality. [答案]approaching [题目]_____ there is smoke, there is fire. [答案]Where [题目]— Have you already paid？ What＇s my share of the bill？ — _________. It wasn＇t very much. [答案]Don＇t worry about it [题目]— Sorry for being late. I should have called you earlier. —__________. I＇ve just arrived [答案]That＇s all right [题目]— Terribly sorry to interrupt, but may I use your dictionary？ — Yes,______________. [答案]of course [题目]— The Auto Show in the City Stadium has been canceled. — Oh, no！_________ [答案]What a pity! [题目]— The trip ought not to take more than an hour. — ____________ . It is at least two hours. [答案]You must be joking [题目]All the _____ guests are seated in the front row. [答案]distinguished [题目]An agreement was reached on the _____ of mutual respect and mutual interest. [答案]basis [题目]Compared ______ English, Chinese is generally believed to be more difficult to learn. [答案]with [题目]The reason _____ he was absent from class yesterday was that he was ill and hospitalized. [答案]why [题目]Their economy is export ______. [答案]oriented [题目]What can we expect ____him？ [答案]from 二、听力理解：听录音，判断正误（共50分）。

请听录音：
UNIT7TL.MP3 操作提示：正确选T，错误选F。

1. Two different corporate cultures are discussed in the dialog. [[答案]T] 2. Melinda＇s company also has a creative culture. [[答案]F] 3. According to Jack, the important thing is to hire the right employees in the first place. [[答案]T] 4. In a creative culture teamwork is not encouraged. [[答案]F] 5. A creative culture is better than a collaborative culture. [[答案]F] 二、完型填空（共50分） 操作提示：通过下拉选项框选择正确的词汇。

What is museum？ A museum is a good place to keep old and beautiful things. A museum may be a place to learn about science. A museum can be a place [[答案]about] art of Indians or animals. What is inside a museum？ Some museums have old cars and airplanes. Many museums have pictures and statues （雕像）. Others have rocks and old bones. One museum even has [[答案]a] coal mine inside! Many cities have museums. Some very small [[答案]towns] have museums, too. Indianapolis has a [[答案]children＇s] museum. Children do not have to pay to get in. Children go to the museum often. They like to look at the dinosaur bones. They see a white bear ten feet tall. They go inside an old log cabin （小木屋）. On Saturday, Indianapolis children can [[答案]hear] talks about animals and trees. They see movies. 二、阅读理解：根据文章内容，判断正误（共50分）。

CREATE A POSITIVE WORKPLACE CULTURE In competitive markets, leaders are under increased pressure to maintain a positive work culture. A positive work culture cultivates greater employee satisfaction；
greater employee satisfaction contributes to higher performance；
higher performance impacts improved client outcomes；
improved client outcomes contribute to service excellence. Positive work cultures are built over time and need constant attention. Such cultures are dependent on leadership vision and values. An effective leader sets the tone for the team, encourages a positive workplace culture and is able to bring about cultural change. Workplace culture is made up of the shared attitudes, beliefs, behaviors, values and expectations that influence the way people work in the workplace. It is the way we do things around here. Some cultural aspects are understood by all and are obvious such as turning up for wok on time, while others may be unwritten rules that are not so obvious for example how personal issues are resolved with work colleagues. Many factors that influence whether a workplace has a positive outlook are within the control of people who work in a workplace. There are also factors out of their control, such as slumps in global prices or a change in demand and supply. The company can, however, control how they respond to these factors. Those companies that do create positive workplace environments develop a reputation in their community as being ‘good to work for＇ and have a competitive edge. Not only are these companies more able to attract and retain people, they tend to be more stable as they proactively deal with issues and adapt to change. Teams work best when they are clear about what is expected of them. They are more able to deal with difficult issues if they feel the values of the organization are supportive of them. For a workplace culture to be positive, the direction and actions of the business must be consistent with the core values of the people in the workplace. The people must trust each other and be able to openly express and exchange ideas. Working through these steps will help with developing a positive business culture. 操作提示：正确选T，错误选F。

1. A positive work culture will give workers more satisfaction. [[答案]T] 2. Positive cultures have a lot to do with leadership vision and values. [[答案]T] 3. The direction and actions for the business must differ from the core values of the employees in order for a workplace culture to be positive. [[答案]F] 4. In competitive markets, leaders are under more and more pressure to keep a positive work culture. [[答案]T] 5. Positive work culture can be built in a short period of time. [[答案]F] 单元自测8 试题及答案 题目顺序是随机的，使用查找功能（Ctrl＋F）进行搜索 [题目] ______ we can＇t compete in terms of size I do believe we hold an advantage in terms of dedication to customer service. [答案]Although [题目] This is the man ______ last night. [答案]whom I saw [题目]— ____________________________ —Actually I prefer working on my own. [答案]Do you prefer teamwork or working individually？ [题目]— I＇d like a wake-up call at 7：00 a.m., please! — OK,________________ . [答案]I＇ll make sure you get one. [题目]— Who should be responsible for the accident？ — The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order ______. [答案]as told [题目]— You have to believe in yourself. No one else will, if you don＇t. — ____________________Confidence is really important. [答案]I couldn＇t agree more. [题目]—It＇s about a successful businessman＇s management experience, isn＇t it？ — ____________ [答案]That＇s right! [题目]—Scott，I＇d like to have your opinions about my written report. —________________ But I have one suggestion. [答案]It looks fine to me. [题目]He will write to me as soon as he ______ home. [答案]returns [题目]How do we expect to compete with a company that has such a huge ______ and huge resources？ [答案]reputation [题目]please ______ your hand if you have any question at all. [答案] raise [题目]The key ______ successful implementation is clearly communicating the strategy to the whole company. [答案]to [题目]We ________ with achievement. [答案]are obsessed [题目]We need ________ communication skills：
listen carefully, think before you speak and manage conflicts diplomatically. [答案]outstanding [题目]When people are surrounded by ______ communication and encouragement, they can find the courage to try, fail, redo, and try again. [答案]constant 二、完型填空（共50分） 操作提示：通过下拉选项框选择正确的词汇。

This evening I met a friend at a local bar. She brought her laptop [[答案]along] so she could show me some of her latest digital art designs. As we looked through her artwork, the laptop suddenly started making an unhealthy noise, then the screen twinkled on and off and then cut off [[答案]completely]. And as we both stared at one another surprisingly, the terrible smell of fried computer circuits appeared. I grabbed the laptop off the bar to inspect it and the problem instantly arose itself. The bottom of the laptop was completely wet and empty, spilt water glass rested against the side of her purse just behind where the laptop was sitting. While we were chatting and shifting the laptop＇s 17 inch screen [[答案]back and forth], we somehow spilt a glass of water that the waiter had inadvertently (无意地) placed behind the screen, which was out of our view. When life throws id some troubles like this, it typically doesn＇t make any sense to us, and our natural emotional reaction might get extremely [[答案]upset] at the top of our lungs. But how does this help our dilemma？ Obviously, it doesn＇t. The smartest and hardest thing we can do in these kinds of situations is to be more tempered in our reaction. You＇d be much wiser and more disciplined than scream extremely. You should remember that emotional rage only makes matters worse. And please remember that once it happens, that will give us an opportunity to grow stronger. Every difficult moment in our lives is accompanied by an opportunity for personal growth and [[答案]activity]. But in order to attain this growth and creativity. We must first learn to control our emotions. We must recognize that difficulties pass like everything in our life. 二、阅读理解：根据文章内容，判断正误（共50分）。

VISION AND EXECUTION：
TWO SIDES OF A SUCCESSFUL STRATEGY A strategic plan is not the end goal of the strategic planning process – it is the framework for successfully implementing a strategy. Until a strategic plan is put into effect, it has no real value. There are several keys to successful implementation. First, people directly involved in executing the strategy must be included in the planning process. Strategic planning is no longer a top-down directive. Without the input and feedback of the people responsible for executing on the strategy, a seemingly solid strategy is likely to fall apart when implementation is attempted. The next key to successful implementation is clearly communicating the strategy to the whole company. The communication should ensure that everyone in the company understands and accepts the strategy as the best path forward, and not simply the leadership＇s latest idea. Without clear communication, employees lack a sense of ownership and clarity of purpose. When a strategy is not understood or embraced, it usually results in misunderstanding and uneven commitments to implementation. Another key to the successful execution of a strategic plan is the clear and straightforward description of the plan and its operations. Even the most brilliant strategy faces failure if it cannot be explained clearly and concisely. 操作提示：正确选T，错误选F。

1. The final goal of the strategic planning process is a strategic plan. [[答案]F] 2. A strategic plan is valuable if it is executed. [[答案]T] 3. There are four keys to successful implementation. [[答案]F] 4. A good strategy is likely to fall apart if without the input and feedback of the people responsible for executing on the strategy. [[答案]T] 5. Leadership＇s idea determines all. [[答案]F] 二、阅读理解：根据文章内容，完成选择题（共50分）。

HOW DO YOU CREATE A CULTURE OF INNOVATION？ Have you noticed the courage buried in the word encourage？ To create a culture in which innovation flourishes takes courage. Determined innovators are always courageous enough to establish a culture in which innovation is greatly encouraged and rewarded. Here are three ways to do that. Put innovation at the heart of strategy, and persist it in every message. Think of innovation strategy as a pyramid：
big bets at the top, a few projects in development in the middle, and a broad base of continuous improvements, lasting contributions, and early-stage new ideas at the bottom. Define jobs around innovation. Make it a job prerequisite. Consider 3M’s move to become one of the first companies to tell professionals that they could spend 15 percent of their time on projects of their own choosing. Now many high-tech companies know that they can’t get the best talent without providing this kind of flexibility. And some of those self-selected, self-organized projects might even result in a blockbuster product or line of business. For 3M, it was the Post-it note. Recognize innovation in every part of the company. To build a culture of creativity and innovation, Gillette developed an innovation fair in which every unit could show off its most promising new concepts. It shows that everyone has a role to play in a culture of innovation. To go from idea to successful innovation requires a great deal of support and collaboration. When people are surrounded by constant communication and encouragement, they can find the courage to try, fail, redo, and try again. 操作提示：通过题目后的下拉选项框选择正确答案。

1. What is necessary in creating innovation culture？[B] A. communication [答案]B. courage C. immitation 2. How does 3M create its innovation culture？[B] A. Put innovation at the heart of strategy, and persist it in every message. [答案]B. define jobs around innovation. C. Recognize innovation in every part of the company. 3. The word prerequisite in Make it a job prerequisite means [A]. [答案]A. required as a prior condition B. going after C. prior to request 4. How does Gillette create its innovation culture？[C] A. Put innovation at the heart of strategy, and persist it in every message. B. define jobs around innovation. [答案]C. Recognize innovation in every part of the company. 5. The formation from idea to innovation needs [C]. A. discussion and revise B. failure and courage [答案]C. support and cooperation

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