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    高考英语虚拟语气学案（极简修改版）

    时间：2021-05-18 12:04:22来源：小小文档网本文已影响人

    虚拟语气 虚拟语气是表示与事实相反或建议，命令，要求和个人观点和看法的动词的一种特殊形式，经常出现在名词性从句或状语从句中。

    温馨提示：虚拟语气主要有两种情况:1）表示与事实相反（包括不真实/难实现的愿望）2）表示建议，命令，要求和个人观点和看法。

    一、一个表格：
    （一） 表示与事实情况相反 条件从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式 表示现在情况 过去式(did)(be常用 were) would / could / might / should + do 表示将来情况 ①过去式 (did)/(were) ②should + do③were to do would / could / might / should + do 表示过去情况 过去完成式(had +done) would / could / might / should +have done 1.If I were you, I would take this job.如果我是你，我就接受这份工作。

    2.If you had come here yesterday, you would have met Mr. Wang.如果你昨天来这儿，你就会遇到王先生。

    3.If it should rain/were to rain/ rained tomorrow, we would put off the sports meeting. 万一明天下雨，我们就推迟运动会。

    （二）错综时间的虚拟句：通常情况下,在条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间一致, 但有时也可能指不同的时间,这时主句和从句的动作不是发生在同一时间，其动词形式要根据时间而定。

    1. If I were you, I would have taken his advice. (从句指现在, 主句指过去)。

    2. If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now. (从句指过去,主句指现在)。

    3. If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years, things wouldn’t be going so smoothly.（从句指过去，主句指现在）。

    4. If the weather had been more favorable, the crops would be growing still better.（从句指过去，主句指现在）。

    （三）省略：If 从句中含有were, should, had时，可省略if并把were, should, had提前。

    例如：Were I you, I wouldn’t quarrel with him. 备注：注：would, should, could与might的选择：
    ①一般常用would，如同在真实条件句中主句常要用will一样。常译作“将、就会”。如：
    If I knew him, I would ask him for help. 如果我认识他的话，我就会向他求助。

    ②should在虚拟条件句中用得最少，现在几乎不用。可能是因为在陈述语气中第一人称后面可以用shall，所以在虚拟语气中，理论上讲，第一人称后也可用should。但在现代英语中，特别是美语中，人们常说：I’ll go home.或I will go home. 但很少人说I shall go home. 因此，在虚拟条件句中，should也很少用。

    ③could用于虚拟条件句中时，有“能够，可能”之意。如：
    If you had come back a little earlier, you could have seen it yourself.如果你回来得再稍早一点，你就可能亲眼目睹这件事了。

    ④might用于虚拟条件句时，常译作“或许”，表示可能性有，但不敢肯定。如：
    If I had been there, I might have quarreled with him. 如果我当时在场的话，我或许会和他吵起来。

    二、四个句型：
    （一）一般现在时(或现在进行时)，or|otherwise主语+ would / could / might / should +do. （二）一般过去时(或过去进行时)，or|otherwise主语+ would / could / might / should +have done. （三）主语+ would / could / might / should +do, but+一般现在时（或现在进行时）. （四）主语+ would / could / might / should +have done, but+一般过去时（或过去进行时）. 1.She isn’t feeling very well now，otherwise she wouldn’t leave the meeting so early. 2.He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it . 3.I might have given you more help, but I was too busy . 4.I would go swimming today, but I have an unexpected guest. 三、八个要点：
    (一)、suggest等动词以及相应名词所引导的名词性从句：（should）do。

    口诀：①I drop caps. 即“I：insist坚决，D：demand/desire要求/请求，R：request请求require要求/需要，O：order命令，P：propose建议，C：command命令，A：ask命令，advise建议，P：prefer宁愿，S：suggest建议” 注意: insist:①坚持认为，坚持说（不虚拟）②坚决要求，坚决主张（虚拟） suggest：①暗示（不虚拟）②建议（虚拟） 1. The man insisted that he didn’t steal the wallet and should be set free now. 2. Her pale face suggested that she was badly ill, so I suggested that she should go to see a doctor at once. 3. My suggestion is that he should go there at once. 4. It is suggested that he should go there at once. 5. I made a suggestion that he should go there at once. 6. This is the suggestion that/ which he made at the meeting.（定语从句不用虚拟） (二)It is adj. that 主语+(should)do. 常用形容词有：essential, necessary, important, vital, natural, strange, urgent. 例如：1. It is necessary that he should be sent to the hospital at once. 2. It is a pity that he should miss such a golden chance. 注意：It be+名词（ a pity/a shame/ no wonder） that…+ should+动词原形+…(可以用来表示惊异、懊悔、失望等情感). (三) It is (high) time that 虚拟 过去式 should do(should不能省略) It is time that we got up. should get up. (四)wish从句 1)与现在事实相反 : wish + (that)+ did(were) eg：I wish I were as young as you. 2)与过去事实相反 : wish + (that)+ had done或would|could+have done(仅限于wish用法） eg：I wish I had been to the concert last night. 3)与将来事实相反 : wish + (that)+would/could/might + do egI wish I would buy a plane. （五) as if/ though从句：（同上） 1.He looks as if he were ill. 2.They talked as if they had been friends for years. 3.Look at the dark clouds. It looks as if the sky would fall soon. 4.Look at the dark clouds. It looks as if it’s going to rain soon. 注意：She treated the orphan(孤儿) as if he were her own child.（表示与当时的事实相反）（六）if only引导的从句：（同上） 1. If only I were as rich as Bill Gates. 2. If only the alarm clock had rung. 3. If only I would fly like a bird .　　　 (七）would rather +句子（虚拟） (1)过去式(did)(be常用 were) 表示与现在或将来情况相反 (2)过去完成式(had +done) 表示与过去情况相反 1.I would rather he came here now|. 2.I＇d rather you told him the bad news tomorrow. 3.I had rather you hadn＇t made that mistake. （八） Long live +主语！ (例：Long live the people!) May you do sth.!（例：May God bless you!） 四、几点补充：
    (一) had+ expected/wanted/intended/planned/hoped/wished/thought/dreamed等表个人意志、打算、想法的动词的过去分词，表示“本来要做某事（暗含但是后来没有做成的）”。

    I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there, but she said she liked to stay in China. (二)用在lest, for fear that和in case引导的目的状语从句中，这时谓语动词常用should+动词原形 She closed the windows lest she should catch cold. Bring an umbrella in case that it rains. Bring an umbrella in case that it should rain. (三) It were not for……,主语+would|could|might|should+do. It had not been for……,主语+ would|could|might|should+have done. If it were not for their help,we couldn’t get over the difficulties. If it hadn’t been for the timely rain,the crops would have died. (四)介词短语：but for, without But for your help, we couldn’t have succeeded. Nothing could live without the sun. 总之，要牢记虚拟语气的类型和规则，这是做题的王道。

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